Backflow at pressure outlet

Hi developers, When I simulate water carrying particles through a narrow channel, I found a backflow of fluid at the pressure outlet, with the following boundary conditions: mass inlet on the left with a velocity of 0.0835m/s; pressure outlet on the right; no-slip walls at the top and bottom; and cyclic boundary conditions in the z-direction. I have tried to increase the length of the outlet section and found that it doesn’t help, how can I avoid this backflow?


0rcy_pl_1vander_cy.zip (1.8 MB)

Normally, the backflow at the outlet is caused a strong swirling flow at the outlet or an excessive pressure drop of the system from my experience. You may just proong the channel height to several times of previous channel height, and examine whether it is useful.