Linear Spring Dashpot

Hello everybody, does anyone know where to find information or the theoretical fundamentals of the LSD model? I have search on several papers, but I have no find mention of the normal spring ratio. Please help me.

Please see the article by J Shäfer et al. 1996, Force Schemes in Simulations of Granular Materials, https://doi.org/10.1051/jp1:1996129

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00247176/document

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Thank you very much.