Abstract: One important phenomenon in coal beneficiation fluidized bed (CBFB) is the accumulation of fine coal particles in beneficiation due to poor screening efficiency and attrition of coal samples. The effect of fine coal accumulation is numerically studied in this work using a TFM–DEM hybrid model. The gas phase and medium solid phase are modeled by a two-fluid model (TFM), while the fine coal particles are modeled by the discrete element method (DEM). Particles with a diameter of 0.9 mm are used as the fine coal sample in the simulation. The gas–solid flow pattern and particle dynamics are investigated with different concentrations of fine coal particles accumulated in the bed. For model validation purpose, the mean bed density distributions are compared with the experimental reports from He et al. (2013). The results show that a critical particle concentration exists in the fine coal accumulation process in CBFB. When the fine coal particles are less than 11 wt% in the bed, the flow pattern of medium phase is little affected and the coal particles are well mixed in the bed. However, when the particle concentration exceeds this threshold, the uniformity of bed density distribution is destroyed and particle stratification occurs along the bed height according to their density difference. Flow dynamics of the dense bed and main forces acting on the fine coal particles are analyzed to explain the underlying mechanism. With a large number of particles accumulated in the bed, the mixing effect of medium flow is suppressed. Motion of the fine coal particles is less dependent on the bed disturbance, instead, the particle gravity plays a decisive role in the particle distribution and results in the particle segregation in the fine coal accumulation process.